Non-Linear Modeling of Immune System Activation and Lymph Flow Dynamics

The immune system is a vital defense network within the body, where lymph and lymph nodes play pivotal roles. Lymph is a transparent fluid containing white blood cells, specifically lymphocytes, which circulate through the lymphatic system, rapidly multiplying to fight viruses and bacteria. Lymph nodes function as filters, capturing and eliminating infections and abnormal cells found in the lymphatic fluid prior to its reentry into the circulatory system. A thorough meta-analysis of research publications in the topic is conducted utilizing Bibliometrix to comprehensively assess the current literature. The paper is centered on understanding the intricate relationship between interferons, dendritic cells, and macrophages in the lymphatic system during hepatitis virus infection. A nonlinear model for the development of the virus is used, together with the initial conditions, for a much better understanding of a hepatitis-C infection. The associated Cauchy problem is numerically solved and graphs are depicted. The interpretation of the figures explains the dynamics of interferons, dendritic cells, and macrophages as well as their interaction with other factors. By adopting an interdisciplinary approach, this study offers fresh perspectives and uncovers new research areas to better comprehend and battle hepatitis virus infections.