Anti-hypoxia polyacetylenes and sesquiterpenoids from <i>Codonopsis pilosula</i> (Franch.) Nannf

A new polyacetylene, codonopsisylene (<b>1</b>), has been extracted from the roots of <i>Codonopsis pilosula</i>, along with 14 previously reported compounds, including two polyacetylenes (<b>2-3</b>) and twelve sesquiterpenoids (<b>4-15</b>). The chemical structures of these compounds were thoroughly characterised using a variety of spectroscopic techniques, combined with calculated NMR and ECD data. Anti-hypoxia activities of all isolated compounds were conducted using a CCK-8 assay. Among them, compounds <b>3</b> and <b>6</b> demonstrated anti-hypoxia effects by inhibiting ROS overexpression, reducing excessive LDH release and enhancing ΔΨm.