Catalytic Pyrolysis of Grape Seed Waste: Characterization of Bio-Char and Bio-Oil

The utilization of biomass waste for biofuel production through pyrolysis has emerged as a promising approach to combat global warming. This process enables the generation of bio-char, bio-oil, and bio-gas using a straightforward and cost-efficient method. Among the biomass residues in Turkey, grape seeds from the food processing industry offer considerable potential as an alternative energy source. This research explores the characteristics of bio-oil and bio-char produced from grape seed pyrolysis conducted in a nitrogen atmosphere (inert gas) at temperatures ranging from 500 to 800 °C. Additionally, the effects of Purmol CTX and Clinoptilolite catalysts on product yield and composition were examined in optimal experimental results. Results indicate that higher pyrolysis temperatures yield carbon-dense bio-chars with elevated heating values and minimal impurities, rendering them viable as solid biofuels. Meanwhile, the bio-oils consist of compounds such as phenols, alkanes, alkenes, alkyls, and acids, positioning them as eco-friendly candidates for sustainable biofuel applications.