Effects of Individualized Nutrition Therapy and Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Dietary and Sleep Quality in Individuals with Prediabetes and Overweight or Obesity

<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Despite advances in public health and medical treatment, the number of patients with type 2 diabetes is increasing and it remains among the top 10 causes of death and a leading cause of disability in the United States. Early interventions with innovative approaches are essential to improving dietary intake and blood glucose control, potentially preventing or delaying type 2 diabetes and related complications. This study examined the effects of integrating real-time feedback from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) into individualized nutrition therapy (INT) on diet and sleep quality in individuals with prediabetes and overweight or obesity. <b>Methods:</b> Thirty participants were randomized to either the treatment (<i>n</i> = 15) or the control group (<i>n</i> = 15). Both groups received individualized nutrition recommendations tailored to energy needs for weight maintenance and blood glucose control. The treatment group had real-time access to CGM data, while the control group remained blinded. Dietary intake and sleep quality were assessed using ASA24 recall and analyzed via general linear model repeated measures. <b>Results:</b> Incorporating CGM feedback into nutrition therapy significantly increased whole-grain (<i>p</i> = 0.02) and plant-based protein intake (<i>p</i> = 0.02) in the treatment group, with trends toward increased fruit intake (<i>p</i> = 0.07) and a reduced percentage of calories from carbohydrates (<i>p</i> = 0.08). Sleep efficiency also improved significantly by 5% (<i>p</i> = 0.02) following the intervention. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings support the effectiveness of CGM-enhanced nutrition therapy in improving diet and sleep quality in individuals with prediabetes and overweight or obesity. Further research is needed to assess the sustainability and long-term impact of this approach.