Experimental study on freeze-thaw failure mechanism of rubberized concrete and analytical evaluation of the damage evolution

A robust evaluation of freeze-thaw damage in concrete is essential for precise design and risk assessment of frost resistance in related structures, maximizing the benefits of rubberized concrete's frost resistance. This study aims to accurately and robustly describe the evolution of freeze-thaw damage in rubberized concrete subjected to freeze-thaw cycles through the implementation of standardized testing processes. The study observed a significant impact of crumb rubber on concrete frost resistance. Specifically, the number of freeze-thaw cycles that the RC3 specimens withstood reached up to 275, which is 100 and 50 cycles greater than that of normal concrete and air-entrained concrete specimens , respectively, at the point of failure. Additionally, pretreating crumb rubber further delays the damage in rubberized concrete. When RC1–RC5 were deemed failed, the value of P n for KRC1–KRC5 increased by 5.9–17.9 % compared to that of RC1–RC5, with a maximum reduction in W n of 2.0 %. The alterations in the pore structure of concrete due to the incorporation of crumb rubber were found to significantly influence frost resistance. This study clarifies the freeze-thaw damage mechanism of rubberized concrete, highlighting the differences in pore structure characteristics and the evolution patterns of the rubberized concrete matrix under freeze-thaw cycles compared to conventional concrete matrices. A comprehensive analysis led to the development of equations for η m , E dt n , and ψ n related to the frost resistance of rubberized concrete, presenting a new set of robust evaluation equations for assessing freeze-thaw damage and frost resistance durability life. • Impact and mechanism of waste tire crumb rubber on concrete freeze-thaw damage were revealed. • Optimal coordination of freeze-thaw damage in rubberized concrete was obtained by ψ n . • Robust equations were derived to assess freeze-thaw damage and lifespan of concrete.