Structural and Functional Evaluation of Achilles Tendons in Rabbits: A Biomechanical Perspective

Background: The Achilles tendon (tendo calcaneus communis) is a critical structure for movement, transmitting force from muscle contraction to the skeletal system. Understanding its biomechanical and histological properties is essential for veterinary medicine, biomechanics and tendon injury research. While previous studies have examined Achilles tendon adaptation in various species, limited research has compared the structural and functional differences between right and left tendons. This study aims to analyze and compare the biomechanical properties of right and left Achilles tendons in rabbits, focusing on tensile strength, elongation and stiffness. Methods: Six adult, healthy male New Zealand rabbits were used in this study. A total of 12 Achilles tendons (both right and left) were dissected and analyzed. Biomechanical testing was performed using a SHIMADZU AG-X 50 kN Autograph device, measuring failure force, elongation and stiffness. Additionally, histological analysis was conducted using Crossman’s triple staining technique to examine structural differences between the tendons. Result: The results indicated that right Achilles tendon exhibited significantly higher tensile strength than left tendon. The mean failure force for right tendons was 408.53 N, while left tendon had a lower mean failure force of 337.45 N. Similarly, right tendon showed greater elongation and stiffness, suggesting higher mechanical resilience. These findings align with previous research on tendon adaptation to mechanical stress and provide insights into functional differences between tendon structures. This study highlights the biomechanical asymmetry of Achilles tendons in rabbits, which may be relevant for tendon rehabilitation strategies and experimental tendon models.