Impact of Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy (NSPT) on Salivary Osteonectin and Osteopontin Levels in Smokers and Nonsmokers Periodontitis Patients: A Prospective Clinical Study

Background: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that destroys tooth-supporting tissue, with proteins like osteonectin and osteopontin playing roles in bone metabolism and inflammation, making them potential biomarkers for assessing periodontal healing after treatment. Objectives: The effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) on concentrations of osteonectin and osteopontin within the saliva of periodontitis individuals who smoke and those who do not. Methods: Twenty-eight periodontist patients were allocated into 14 nonsmokers and 14 smokers with probing depths of 4-6mm who were treated by root surface debridement (RSD). Plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level were measured. In addition, osteonectin (ON) and osteopontin (OPN) in saliva were measured at baseline and 1-month and 3-month follow-up visits by ELISA. Results: Osteonectin levels in saliva increased in nonsmoker patients (4.80±3.52ng/ml and 21.47±1.92 ng/ml) and were significantly greater than in the smoker patients (1.30±1.26ng/ml and 4.02±3.29ng/ml) in 1 month and 3 months, respectively, while osteopontin levels in saliva decreased in both groups, the nonsmokers group (4.62±1.91ng/ml and 5.78±1.39 ng/ml) and the smokers group (5.46±2.30 ng/ml and 6.76±2.88 ng/ml) in 1 month and 3 months, respectively, but with no significant differences between them. Conclusions: NSPT increases ON in both smoker and non-smoker unstable periodontitis individuals, with a higher increase observed in non-smokers. However, NSPT decreases OPN in these groups, with no significant difference post-treatment.