Thirty-Days Supplementation of CO Enzyme Q10 In Diabetic Rats on Anti-Retroviral Therapy Modulates Serum Electrolyte

Background: Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), also known as ubiquinone, is a vitamin-like antioxidant essential for mitochondrial energy production and cellular health. It plays a key role in the electron transport chain, helping transfer electrons between complexes. While the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly improved survival rates in individuals living with HIV, it has also been linked to long-term side effects, particularly affecting kidney function. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of CoQ10 supplementation—both on its own and in combination with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)—on kidney health, electrolyte balance, and acid-base regulation in both healthy and diabetic male Wistar rats. Methods: A total of 102 adult male Wistar rats, weighing 170–200 g, were divided into several groups and treated over two phases. The rats received varying doses of CoQ10 (10, 30, and 50 mg/kg), cART, or a combination of both. Key biochemical markers including serum sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate levels were analyzed to assess renal function and systemic electrolyte homeostasis. Results: Diabetic rats treated with cART alone showed marked imbalances in electrolytes, notably low sodium and high potassium levels—classic signs of diabetic kidney dysfunction. Interestingly, CoQ10 supplementation at 10 and 50 mg/kg helped normalize these values, suggesting a dose-related protective effect on kidney function. However, the 30 mg/kg dose showed less favorable outcomes. The group receiving 50 mg/kg CoQ10 alongside cART displayed the most consistent improvement in electrolyte and acid-base parameters, indicating enhanced renal tubular function, improved sodium and bicarbonate reabsorption, and better potassium handling. Conclusion: CoQ10 appears to offer a protective benefit against kidney dysfunction, particularly in diabetic models undergoing antiretroviral treatment. Higher doses may be especially effective in restoring el