INCREASING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF WALLS BY INCLUDING PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS IN THEIR STRUCTURE

Phase changing materials (PCMs) are of great interest due to their significant advantages in increasing energy efficiency, maintaining thermal comfort in buildings, and helping to reduce environmental pollution. Research into the energy-saving capacity of building structures with PCMs has been carried out mainly by foreign authors and considers buildings located in warm climates. This paper presents the results of a numerical study of external walls with PCM in accordance with the requirements of domestic standards for thermal protection for the continental climate of Krasnoyarsk. Preliminary verification of the numerical implementation of the calculation algorithm was carried out, which takes into account the presence of a mismatch between the melting and crystallization temperatures of PCM (thermal hysteresis). The phenomenon of thermal hysteresis is not taken into account in many studies. Meanwhile, the use of simplified algorithms that do not include hysteresis can lead to significant inaccuracies. In this regard, the hysteresis effect was taken into account in the study calculations. A method for selecting PCM for use in external enclosing structures is proposed. The wall structure with the selected PCM resulted in a decrease in thermal energy by 13.7% relative to the original structure during the heating period, and by 8.5% relative to the original structure with the same thickness of the structures. A conclusion is made about the prospects of using several PCM layers with different phase transition temperatures.