Recognizing Emancipation in ‘Post-traditional’ Societies: Assessing Axel Honneth’s Theory of Recognition

This paper proposes a non-foundationalist interpretation of Axel Honneth’s theory of recognition that strengthens the case for the emancipatory potential of recognition struggles within “post-traditional” societies. It discusses Honneth’s anthropological thesis—that individuals depend on recognition for self-identity—and his socio-historical argument that recognition is shaped by specific normative frameworks. This dual perspective situates recognition struggles as responses to systemic withheld recognition, reflecting broader social dynamics rather than individual grievances. The paper addresses critiques of foundationalism by clarifying Honneth’s conception of recognition as historically and socially embedded. It points out the interrelation between Honneth’s tripartite model of personhood—comprising self-confidence, self-respect, and self-esteem—and the differentiated spheres of recognition institutionalized in modern societies. These frameworks allow the identification of recognition struggles as potential critique of unfulfilled societal promises that challenge asymmetries within the normative order. By linking recognition, subjectivity, and emancipation, the paper distinguishes conditions under which struggles for recognition acquire emancipatory significance. In doing so, it advances Honneth’s argument by demonstrating how recognition struggles can reshape normative structures to uphold personhood’s integrity in contemporary societies.