Adaptive Smart System for Energy-Saving Campus

Due to the increasing severity of global warming and climate change, more attention is being paid to environmental problems caused by human activities. Although energy saving and carbon reduction have become a global ambition, the implementation of energy-saving mechanisms remains limited. To address this, an adaptive smart energy-saving campus system is developed in this study to improve students’ electricity usage habits. In this system, the Internet of Things (IoT) with control interfaces is integrated to enhance convenience. Using expert system rules, the system regulates the operation of the IoT for the efficient energy-saving control of a classroom. Additionally, by incorporating a random forest classifier, the system learns users’ electricity usage habits to create a tailored energy-saving environment. Gamification is also introduced to create a reward system that stimulates users’ desire to achieve goals, thus promoting autonomous energy saving. An experiment was conducted on 62 students. In total, 59 out of 62 participants responded with a sampling error of ±2.8% at a 95% confidence level. The average system usability scale (SUS) score reached 84, surpassing the cross-industry average standard, indicating that the system is user-friendly. The average self-efficacy score for energy saving reached 4.28 (σ = 3). The system significantly impacted the participant’s motivation to enhance energy saving. The net promoter score (NPS) was 29. This indicated that, although users are generally satisfied with the system, there is still room for improvement.