Transferosomes: A Promising Drug Delivery Tool in Neurodegenerative Disorders

Background: Globally, neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are complicated, progressive, and frequently lethal conditions that greatly increase mortality and disability. Because there are currently no effective treatments for conditions including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and numerous psychiatric diseases (such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia), these conditions continue to present significant healthcare issues. The blood-brain barrier (BBB), a highly selective membrane that prevents therapeutic medicines from entering the central nervous system (CNS), is a crucial obstacle in the development of effective treatments. Due to the poor brain bioavailability of conventional drug delivery systems, novel approaches are required to improve medication penetration and efficacy. Purpose: This review examines the possibilities of nanocarrier-based systems, especially transferosomes; this review seeks to solve the shortcomings of traditional drug delivery techniques in the treatment of NDs. These ultra-deformable vesicles have demonstrated potential in overcoming BBB restrictions, boosting the distribution of neuroprotective medications to the brain, and enhancing therapeutic results. Methods: The review summarizes the results of current studies on medication delivery systems based on transferosomes in relation to mental and neurodegenerative diseases. It reviews preclinical research on animal models, emphasizing enhancements in cognitive performance, locomotor activity, cerebral bioavailability, and biochemical indicators, including neurotransmitter levels and oxidative stress. Conclusion: A promising development in medicine delivery for NDs driven by nanotechnology is transferosomes. They are a strong contender to replace conventional drug delivery techniques because of their capacity to increase brain bioavailability, reduce systemic side effects, and boost therapeutic efficacy. Preclinical research suggests that this relatively new method has great promise for treating a range of mental and neurodegenerative diseases. To prove transferosomes as a practical method for enhancing CNS medication distribution and patient outcomes, future studies should concentrate on refining formulations, carrying out comprehensive clinical trials, and resolving regulatory issues.