Real-time and universal network for volumetric imaging from microscale to macroscale at high resolution

Light-field imaging has wide applications in various domains, including microscale life science imaging, mesoscale neuroimaging, and macroscale fluid dynamics imaging. The development of deep learning-based reconstruction methods has greatly facilitated high-resolution light-field image processing, however, current deep learning-based light-field reconstruction methods have predominantly concentrated on the microscale. Considering the multiscale imaging capacity of light-field technique, a network that can work over variant scales of light-field image reconstruction will significantly benefit the development of volumetric imaging. Unfortunately, to our knowledge, no one has reported a universal high-resolution light-field image reconstruction algorithm that is compatible with microscale, mesoscale, and macroscale. To fill this gap, we present a real-time and universal network (RTU-Net) to reconstruct high-resolution light-field images at any scale. RTU-Net, as the first network that works over multiscale light-field image reconstruction, employs an adaptive loss function based on generative adversarial theory and consequently exhibits strong generalization capability. We comprehensively assessed the performance of RTU-Net through the reconstruction of multiscale light-field images, including microscale tubulin and mitochondrion dataset, mesoscale synthetic mouse neuro dataset, and macroscale light-field particle imaging velocimetry dataset. The results indicated that RTU-Net has achieved real-time and high-resolution light-field image reconstruction for volume sizes ranging from 300 μm × 300 μm × 12 μm to 25 mm × 25 mm × 25 mm, and demonstrated higher resolution when compared with recently reported light-field reconstruction networks. The high-resolution, strong robustness, high efficiency, and especially the general applicability of RTU-Net will significantly deepen our insight into high-resolution and volumetric imaging.