Pedagogical framework for hybrid intelligent feedback

Generative AI (GenAI) has gained attention as a new feedback source in education because it can generate human-like text. However, its use in feedback lacks a strong pedagogical framework, which is necessary for effective implementation. This paper addresses this gap. It outlines human-centered feedback challenges, and then explores human and artificial cognition differences, highlighting the need for hybrid intelligence. Next, it positions GenAI feedback within feedback theory and proposes a definition for GenAI feedback. The paper conceptualizes the role of GenAI feedback as either an independent source or as part of a collaborative process with humans referred to as “Hybrid Intelligent Feedback”. Building on this conceptualization, it discusses the approaches and principles of hybrid intelligent feedback and then proposes a pedagogical framework that outlines the implementation steps for hybrid intelligent feedback. The paper concludes by describing the pedagogical framework and outlining recommendations for future research on hybrid intelligent feedback.