Perception of the Rural Community Regarding the Role of Nursing Professionals: A Study in the High Andean Regions of Peru

Access to healthcare services in rural areas of Peru remains a challenge, with marked differences compared to urban areas. Despite the importance of primary healthcare (PHC) in these communities, the rural population has a negative perception of the role of nursing staff. This study aimed to assess the perceptions of residents in the highland communities of Huata and Ichu, Province of Puno, located in southern Peru, regarding the role of nursing professionals. The general perception of the residents was first analyzed, followed by an evaluation of two dimensions (Fieldwork and Health Education), which allowed for the development of the REFCO (Role of the Nursing professional in the community) scale. The sample included 329 rural adults, mainly between 30 and 59, predominantly female, with incomplete secondary education. The results showed an unfavorable perception (54%) of nursing staff performance. The fieldwork dimension reported low visibility of nursing activities in the community, such as home visits and health programs. The second dimension demonstrated that educational interventions were perceived as infrequent and of low impact, with insufficient adaptation to local needs. These results highlight the need to strengthen the presence and educational strategies of nursing staff in alignment with the cultural and demographic realities of rural communities. Furthermore, it suggests a greater need for interinstitutional collaboration and a more personalized approach to community activities to improve the perception and effectiveness of healthcare services in these areas.