Assessment of DNA Purity and Yield in G9 and Malbhog Banana Leaves Using the CTAB Extraction Method

In this study, the Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) method is optimized for high-quality DNA extraction from micropropagated banana plantlets, which are rich in polysaccharides, polyphenols, and other inhibitory compounds. Various protocol parameters, including lysis buffer composition, incubation conditions, and purification steps, are systematically modified to enhance DNA yield and purity. The optimized method produced DNA with an A260/A280 ratio of 1.8–2.0, ensuring compatibility with downstream applications such as Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR analysis. The extracted DNA exhibited high integrity, reproducibility, and minimal contamination, making it suitable for genetic fidelity assessments. Comparative analysis with standard CTAB and alternative extraction methods revealed a significant improvement in DNA quality and yield, while theoretical modeling provided insights into the effectiveness of buffer modifications in minimizing inhibitory compounds. This optimized CTAB-based extraction protocol offers a reliable and reproducible approach for molecular studies, facilitating genetic research and conservation efforts in micropropagated banana plantlets.