Achieving Stability for Aloha Networks With Multiple Transmitter–Receiver Pairs

Slotted Aloha has been widely adopted in various communication networks. Yet if the transmission probabilities and traffic input rates of transmitters are not properly regulated, their data queues may easily become unstable. For stability analysis of Aloha networks with multiple transmitter-receiver (T-R) pairs, the focus of previous studies has been placed on the maximum input rate of each transmitter, below which the network is guaranteed to be stabilized under any given topology. By assuming a fixed and identical transmission probability across the network, however, network stability is found to be unachievable when the input rate exceeds zero. As we will demonstrate in this paper, the key to stabilizing the network lies in proper selection of transmission probabilities according to the traffic input rates and locations of all transmitters and receivers. Specifically, for an Aloha network with multiple capture receivers, by establishing and solving the fixed-point equations of the steady-state probabilities of successful transmissions of Head-of-Line packets, the exact service rates of all transmitters’ queues are obtained, based on which the operating region of transmission probabilities for achieving stability and the stability region of input rates are further characterized. The results are illustrated in various scenarios of multi-cell and ad-hoc networks. Simulation results validate the analysis and corroborate that the network can be stabilized as long as the traffic input rates are within the stability region, and the transmission probabilities are properly adjusted according to the traffic input rates and network topology.