Comparison of mid-term outcomes between unilateral biportal endoscopic and minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in the treatment of single-level lumbar degenerative disease

Both ULIF and MIS-TLIF are proven to be safe and effective minimally invasive lumbar fusion techniques. Both achieve comparable outcomes in terms of interbody fusion rate, long-term pain relief, functional improvement, and complication rate. Compared with MIS-TLIF, ULIF has less intraoperative blood loss, less postoperative drainage volume, reduced inflammatory reaction, and faster postoperative pain relief and functional improvement.