Effect of Coumarin and Its Derivatives on the Protein Profiles in CCl₄-Treated Rats

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of coumarin and its derivatives—esculetin, scoparone, and 4-methylumbelliferone—on serum protein profiles in male Sprague-Dawley rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced hepatic injury. As the liver is essential for the synthesis of major plasma proteins such as albumin and globulin, disruptions in liver function can significantly alter these parameters. CCl₄, a commonly used industrial chemical, is known for its pronounced hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects. Method: Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 150–200 grams were randomly assigned to six groups: a control group, a group receiving CCl₄ to induce hepatotoxicity, and four treatment groups that received oral doses of coumarin (30 mg/kg), esculetin (31.15 mg/kg), scoparone (35 mg/kg), or 4-methylumbelliferone (35 mg/kg). Hepatic injury was induced by administering CCl₄ (1.25 mL/kg) diluted in corn oil. Serum levels of total protein, albumin, and globulin were measured using standard biochemical techniques. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software, with p-values less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Oral administration of CCl₄ (1.25 mL/kg) resulted in a marked decrease in serum total protein and albumin concentrations, accompanied by a lowered albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio and elevated globulin levels. Conversely, treatment with coumarin and its derivatives significantly reversed the CCl₄-induced reductions in albumin and the A/G ratio. These compounds also effectively reduced the elevated globulin levels observed following CCl₄ exposure. Conclusion: The results suggest that the hepatoprotective effects of coumarin derivatives are closely related to their molecular structures, which appear to influence the regulation of hepatic protein synthesis. By modulating key enzymes involved in protein metabolism, these compounds may help preserve liver function and support the synthesis of essential proteins required for cellular regeneration and physiological balance. Coumarin-based compounds hold potential as therapeutic agents for the prevention or mitigation of liver damage.