The Epitoniidae (Gastropoda, Epitonioidea) of the Miocene Central Paratethys Sea—an overwhelming diversity

We revise the Miocene Epitoniidae of the Central Paratethys Sea and summarize literature data for the Eastern Paratethys Sea. In total we trace 106 species level taxa of which 54 species are formally introduced as new species, six species are probably new but discussed in open nomenclature and 16 species are documented as new combinations. This results in an enormous increase of the number of known epitoniid species and documents a so far strongly underrated diversity of this gastropod family in the Paratethys Sea. The high diversity is probably related to favorable conditions during the Miocene Climate Optimum. Opaliopsis compacta sp. nov., Papuliscala aquaensis sp. nov., Papuliscala hoffmani sp. nov., Papuliscala maysi sp. nov., Papuliscala parvicancellata sp. nov. and Papuliscala praeelongata sp. nov. are introduced as new species within Nystiellinae. Acirsa fusiformis sp. nov., Acirsa koskeridouae sp. nov., Acrilloscala austriaca sp. nov., Acrilloscala fortior sp. nov., Acrilloscala propugnaculum sp. nov., Adiscoacrilla walaszczyki sp. nov., Adiscoacrilla anticoppii sp. nov., Amaea grunerti sp. nov., Anguloacrilla schwarzhansi sp. nov., Anguloacrilla karamanensis sp. nov., Anguloacrilla lima sp. nov., Clathrus corrugatus sp. nov., Cirsotrema microperforata sp. nov., Cirsotrema nudum sp. nov., Cirsotrema pollerspoecki sp. nov., Cirsotrema schneideri sp. nov., Cylindriscala bellissima sp. nov., Cylindriscala rugata sp. nov., Gregorioiscala ascialis sp. nov., Hemiacirsa abiaeformis sp. nov., Hemiacirsa incusa sp. nov., Hemiacirsa superelongata sp. nov., Hirtoscala ceruchus sp. nov., Hirtoscala cornucopiae sp. nov., Hirtoscala diplommatinaformis sp. nov., Hirtoscala hastata sp. nov., Hirtoscala holcovae sp. nov., Hirtoscala pharos sp. nov., Hirtoscala steiningeri sp. nov., Hirtoscala uncinata sp. nov., Hyaloscala occidentalis sp. nov., Hyaloscala rainesi sp. nov., Hyaloscala rustica sp. nov., Librariscala costatissima sp. nov., Mazescala alata sp. nov., Nitidiscala baluki sp. nov., Nitidiscala bonfittoi sp. nov., Nitidiscala browni sp. nov., Nitidiscala connexicosta sp. nov., Parviscala abdita sp. nov., Parviscala badensis sp. nov., Parviscala lacinia sp. nov., Parviscala paratethyca sp. nov., Punctiscala moravica sp. nov., Scala polonica sp. nov., Sthenorytis simoni sp. nov., Subuliscala breitenbergeri sp. nov. and Subuliscala pseudobanoni sp. nov. are introduced as new species within Epitoniinae. Anguloacrilla nov. gen. is established as new genus.