Green Synthesis of Tin Oxide Nanoparticles from Plant Extracts: Characterization and Assessment of Photocatalytic, Antibacterial, and Antimicrobial Activities

Green resource synthesis is a sustainable, economical, and environmentally benign process that produces no pollutants. Plant-based nanoparticles have a lower toxicity level. Because aloe vera contains bioactive chemicals such flavonoids, phenol, alkaloids, saponins, and others, it can operate as a reducing agent to reduce metal ions. As reducing agents, these substances are therefore essential to the formation of metal nanoparticles. When these nanoparticles are heated, they can transform into the corresponding metal oxides. This article describes the synthesis of tin (IV) oxide nanoparticles using aloe vera gel and their structural characteristics. The antibacterial ability of the produced nanoparticles was then evaluated by testing them against Gram-positive bacteria like Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus as well as Gram-negative bacteria like Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhi, and Escherichia coli. This study shows the effectiveness and dependability of green synthesis techniques that use Aloe vera gel rather than the chemical-based approaches that have been used up to this point to create nanoparticles. It is less likely to fail and has a high biological activity. Thus, they are precious for applications in environmental and healthcare fields and industries. This highlights the advantages of developing sustainable materials through green synthesis routes and their wide range of applications.