ANÁLISIS DE ESTUDIOS DE Trichoderma spp. COMO AGENTE DE CONTROL DE FITOPATÓGENOS DEL SUELO

<p> <strong>Background: </strong>The biological model based on antagonistic microorganisms reduces risks of contamination to the soil, biota, flora, and ensures food quality and safety. <strong>Objetive:</strong> To analyze and describe scientific reports of antagonistic action of <em>Trichoderma</em> sp., to inhibit the development of microorganisms that live in soil and cause diseases in plants of agricultural interest. <strong>Methodology:</strong> 76 scientific documents on <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. antagonism against soil phytopathogenic fungi were compiled and analyzed. <strong>Results:</strong> According to the literature review, in the laboratory (75 %) and field (25 %), biological and technological systems take advantage of the use of native strains of <em>Trichoderma</em> sp., to reduce populations of phytopathogens and intensified production. <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. expressed antagonism against phytopathogenic fungi. The antagonistic properties that predominated in the Trichoderma genus have inhibition effects, due to competition for space and nutrients; antibiosis due to the production of antibiotic-lytic enzymes and mycoparasitism, where the phytopathogen is invaded in its mycelial reproduction phase by species of <em>Trichoderma</em> sp., however they depend on the favorable environment in the rhizosphere (25 ºC), relative humidity (80 %), pH (5.5), structure and good soil health. <strong>Implications:</strong> The physiology of <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. parasitism during the plant-pathogen interaction, in phytopathogenic species, results from recognition, adhesion-coiling, lytic activity, intracellular absorption, morphological changes of the phytopathogen cell, loss of cytoplasm and finally disintegration of host hyphae. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> 100% of the findings analyzed referred to the interaction of Trichoderma species on agricultural crops. 75% of the reports on <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. corresponded to <em>in vitro</em> studies and 25% to <em>in vivo</em> biological systems. Scientific reports of antagonistic action of <em>Trichoderma</em> sp. were based on studies of inhibition, competition and antibiosis, to disable the development of microorganisms that inhabit the soil and cause diseases in plants of agricultural interest.</p>