Determination of Critical Variables for Resilient Urbanization

As society urbanizes in economic, political, demographic, and sociological terms, living spaces, buildings, streets, avenues, and facilities must also physically adapt to urbanization and form resilient urbanization. The 11. goal of Sustainable Development Goals is defined as "Sustainable Cities and Communities". The goal of this target is to "Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable". This target once again highlights the importance of sustainable and resilient cities and urbanization. This study was conducted to identify the fundamental and critical variables in resilient urbanization. In this study, a comprehensive literature review was conducted for resilient urbanization, identifying 11 key and 22 critical variables. Semi-structured questionnaire was designed for the 11 key variables, while structured questionnaire was developed for the 22 critical variables. Firstly, the hierarchical relationships among 11 key variables were identified using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). Subsequently, the importance levels of 22 critical variables were identified through Cronbach's alpha (α), frequency, and relative importance index (RII) analyses. According to the hierarchical structural modeling, the process that begins with uncontrolled migration concludes with urban transformation. Statistical analysis results have determined that one of the most significant causes of squatting and illegal construction is the lack of supervision. Additionally, the results indicate that squatting and illegal construction render cities vulnerable to natural disasters.