Technological Advances in AEC: AI, Machine Learning, BIM, and the Future of Sustainable Building Design in a Post-Pandemic World

The Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry has experienced a profound transformation, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, which underscored the need for digital solutions to enhance sustainability and resilience. Despite existing technological advancements, the pandemic revealed gaps in the widespread adoption of tools like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Building Information Modeling (BIM), Internet of Things (IoT), and Digital Twins (DT). This study addresses the critical question of how these technologies have reshaped building design, construction, and operation processes to meet sustainability goals in the post-pandemic era. A systematic literature review of 35 peer-reviewed studies published between 2019 and 2024 was conducted to analyze the impact of key digital technologies on sustainable building practices. The research employed a thematic analysis focusing on technological advancements, sustainability applications, challenges and barriers, and emerging trends such as smart cities, renewable energy integration, and circular economy principles. The findings reveal that technologies like AI and DTs play a pivotal role in enhancing energy efficiency, enabling predictive maintenance, and improving lifecycle resource management. However, barriers such as interoperability issues, high implementation costs, and data security concerns persist, hindering widespread adoption. The study emphasizes the growing trend toward data-driven sustainability and the need to address these challenges through collaborative frameworks and technological innovation. In conclusion, this research highlights the transformative potential of digital technologies in advancing sustainability and resilience within the AEC industry. By bridging the gap between technological innovation and sustainable development goals, this study provides actionable insights for overcoming existing barriers and fostering adaptive, energy-efficient, and environmentally responsible built environments in a post-pandemic world.