Biological Activity of Inulin-Rich Fraction Obtained from Discarded Portions of Regional Cultivated Artichokes (<i>Cynara cardunculus</i> L. var. <i>scolymus</i>)

The aim of this study was to obtain and evaluate the biological activity of inulin-rich extracts from artichoke waste portions. The extracts were characterized in terms of oligosaccharide polymerization degree and monomer composition, and their biological activity was evaluated with respect to their ability to be fermented by potentially probiotic strains, protect the strains during passage through the gastrointestinal tract, maintain adhesion to intestinal epithelium, and to be fermented by intestinal bacteria to produce short-chain fatty acids. Additionally, the effect of the extracts on the proliferation of neoplastic cells and their antioxidant activity was assessed. It was demonstrated that inulin-rich extracts can be obtained from artichoke waste. These extracts are not fermented by the probiotic strains used. They showed antioxidant activity without altering neoplastic cell survival in vitro. We conclude that inulin-rich extracts can be obtained using simple and environmentally friendly methods, offering the potential for inclusion in functional foods.