Electroconvulsive Therapy in Schizophrenia: Clinical Applications and Effectiveness

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been recognized as an effective treatment for schizophrenia. However, its clinical utilization has been declining due to advancements in antipsychotic medications and the persistent stigma associated with the treatment. Clinical guidelines differ in their recommendations regarding the applications of ECT in schizophrenia treatment. Existing studies demonstrated that ECT is effective for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, clozapine-resistant schizophrenia, acute psychotic exacerbations, and patients at high risk of suicide, with enhanced efficacy when combined with antipsychotic medications. Despite its clinical benefits, concerns regarding cognitive impairment, social stigma, and limited accessibility have led to its underutilization. Addressing these challenges requires expanding educational efforts for clinicians, increasing public awareness, promoting further research into its long-term efficacy and cognitive effects, and implementing policy changes to improve accessibility. This review emphasizes the essential role of ECT in schizophrenia treatment and the need to reintegrate it as a viable and necessary treatment option for suitable patients.