Discourse Analysis in Light of Textual Linguistics: Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq's Sermon on the Prophet's Death as a Model

Historically, linguistic studies predominantly focused on sentence-level analysis, often neglecting the broader context of texts, which remained largely unexplored in academic research. This trend persisted until Zellig Harris's pivotal 1959 work on "Discourse Analysis" which ushered in a new era. Harris championed a meticulous focus on textual cohesion and the integration of linguistic elements within their social contexts, advocating for the analysis of texts as cohesive entities rather than disjointed fragments. Since this seminal work, scholars have refined text and discourse analysis methodologies, establishing detailed criteria and procedural frameworks that depart from earlier approaches. Our research delves into these methodologies in textual linguistics through an applied study of Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq's sermon, with the goal of highlighting recent advancements in linguistic research. The research question is as follows: • What are the procedures and steps involved in discourse analysis within the realm of textual linguistics?