Study on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 7085 Aluminum Alloy Reinforced by In Situ (ZrB2 + Al2O3) Nanoparticles and Rare Earth Er

This study investigates the synergistic strengthening effects of in situ synthesized nano (ZrB₂ + Al₂O₃) particles and rare earth Er microalloying on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 7085 aluminum alloy. The composite material was prepared through a melt direct reaction combined with rolling and T6 heat treatment, with microstructural evolution characterized by metallurgical microscopy, XRD, and SEM. Results demonstrate that the addition of 3 vol.% in situ nano (ZrB₂ + Al₂O₃) particles optimally enhances both strength and toughness, achieving a tensile strength of 635.4 MPa (16.2% increase) and elongation after fracture of 16.2% (14.9% improvement) compared to the matrix alloy. Excessive particle content (5 vol.%) leads to severe clustering and deteriorated interfacial bonding, causing performance degradation. Introducing 0.3 wt.% Er improves particle distribution uniformity and promotes Al₃(Er,Zr) precipitate formation, refining grains and strengthening interfaces. This further elevates tensile strength to 654.8 MPa (19.7% increase) and elongation to 16.6% (17.7% improvement). The research reveals the synergistic optimization mechanism between particle content and Er addition, providing theoretical support for designing high-performance aluminum matrix composites.