The Experiences of Direct Support Professionals Working With Autistic Adults: An Exploratory Study

Background: Direct support professionals (DSPs) play a critical role in supporting individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities, including autistic adults. Despite playing such an integral role, DSPs are often faced with challenges in the workforce that can result in high staff turnover rates and disruptions in quality care through service provision. This study aims to explore the complex and multifaceted role of the DSP. The objective is to explore the perceived quality of support DSPs receive in the field while working with autistic adults and how they navigate challenges. Methods: This study uses a qualitative approach featuring semi-structured interviews of 5 DSPs who were recruited through snowball sampling. Interviews were transcribed by a HIPAA compliant transcription service. One independent coder implemented the constant comparative method associated with a grounded theory approach. Codes and themes were then developed accordingly. Peer debrief was implemented for added rigor. Results: The study identified three predominant themes: Challenges, A Lack of Comprehensive Training and Supports, and The Importance of Fostering Relationships. These themes highlight key components within the scope of the DSP role to include the need for comprehensive training programs, equity in collaboration among stakeholders, and ongoing job supports and professional development. Conclusion: The support provided to autistic adults greatly depends on the competence of DSPs, shaped by their training. Enhancing education and awareness of autism are vitals for improving service outcomes and fostering inclusion, with future research needed on DSP roles and person-centered service approaches.