The role of green energy in solving global environmental problems

An analysis of the greenhouse effect, the factors causing it, and the kinetics of historical change was given in the context of the global ecological situation experienced as a result of the greenhouse effect caused by additional anthropogenic carbon emissions on Earth. The positive and negative aspects of the greenhouse effect in the Earth’s atmosphere and the amount of carbon dioxide that creates the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere according to a normal lifestyle have been determined. Parameters that ensure a balanced state of carbon dioxide emission and absorption processes that provide an environment suitable for a normal lifestyle have been given. An analysis of measures and projects implemented at the international level to solve the emerging global environmental problem was given, and in this process, the main role of increasing electricity generation technologies based on carbon energy carriers was proven. Considering this point of view, expanding the application of carbon-free green energy sources and increasing the scale of projects aimed at reducing the amount of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere are set as the main task. On the basis of the existing statistical data base, specific shares of the use of renewable alternative energy sources compared to the main energy sources have been revealed in the world and in individual countries such as the Republic of Azerbaijan. So far, the share of green energy sources such as wind and solar in the world does not exceed 15–16 % of the total energy supply and it has been found that it is far from the status of the main energy source. On the example of the Republic of Azerbaijan, which has a large amount of sources of carbon energy carriers, the potential and use of alternative sources such as wind and solar energy and the existing problems and difficulties in these processes were analyzed. Ways of making unstable energy sources such as sun and wind stable are shown, and specifically ways of efficient conversion of wind energy using hydrogen, which is a universal energy carrier, are shown. The repayment status of the invested capital of wind, solar and nuclear power plants with the same power potential has been comparatively analyzed. It has been determined that the advantage of nuclear power plants is manifested in terms of the percentage of use of the energy potential installed at the stations, the price of the energy produced and the method of return on invested capital. Based on the results obtained, in the context of the COP29 decisions, upcoming tasks and ways to implement them are outlined.