Hip joint like new: revolutions in total hip arthroplasty – literature review

Background: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a surgical procedure with the highest effectiveness in the advanced arthritis due to degenerative disease. Due to the prevalence of degenerative changes in the elderly population, this disease is becoming a major civilization problem and total hip arthroplasty is one of the most commonly performed operations in orthopedics. Objective: The aim of this article was to conduct a systematic review of the recent literature to present the latest scientific reports on total hip arthroplasty. The article focuses on outlining the indications for the procedure, explaining the problems and advantages of the selected surgical approaches, reviewing the implants, new technologies and the complications of the methods used. Methods: The article was developed based on scientific research published between 2015 and 2025. As a result, the presented information is based on current studies, the latest scientific reports, and the most recent expert guidelines. Studies that did not include an appropriate description of the methodology, were unreliable, or contained outdated medical data were excluded from the review. Conclusions: The choice of surgical technique - anterior, lateral, or posterior approach- should be individually tailored to each patient. There are various types of implants differing in structure, material, and fixation methods, each with its own advantages and limitations. Modern technologies, such as robotics and computer navigation, have the potential to enhance surgical precision, although their long-term effectiveness requires further research. Despite overall improvements in THA outcomes, long-term data on the durability of different implant materials and fixation methods remain insufficient. Further studies are necessary to develop new materials, refine surgical techniques, advance modern technologies, and improve strategies for preventing complications.