Sirtuins in Osteosarcoma: Cracking the Code and Opening Up New Treatment Options

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a frequent primary malignant bone tumor that primarily affects adolescents and the elderly, and it is prone to metastasis and recurrence. The prognostic status of metastatic and recurrent OS has remained stagnant over the past decades despite the availability of an extensive range of chemotherapy drugs in the clinic. To increase the overall survival and quality of life of patients with osteosarcoma, new therapeutic approaches must be developed immediately. In recent years, sirtuins (SIRT1-7) have garnered a lot of attention as researchers investigate the mechanisms underlying OS development and look for efficient treatment approaches. The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent histone deacetylases (HDACs) that make up the sirtuin family are engaged in several biologically controlled processes, including proliferation, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, autophagy, and chemotherapy resistance. Despite their significance in cancer having been avidly studied for decades, their specific functions and mechanisms of action are not yet clear due to limited reports. This review will summarize the current research status and look forward to the directions and prospects of its application in osteosarcoma research, aiming to open up new avenues for the treatment and study of osteosarcoma.