Optimizing Data Transfer Speed and the Performance Evaluation of MQTT in IoT: A Study on MQTT for Atmospheric Condition Monitoring

The rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) over the past decade has revolutionized environmental monitoring systems, enabling real-time data collection and analysis. Since its development in 1999 by IBM and Eurotech, the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol has gained popularity for its lightweight, low-power communication, particularly in constrained network environments. By 2023, MQTT was responsible for over 85% of IoT communication protocols used in sensor-based systems. This paper presents a real-time monitoring system designed to capture atmospheric parameters, including temperature, light intensity, and humidity. Using MQTT, the system transmits data to a central server, where it is stored in a database and visualized through a web interface. A key focus of this study is the evaluation of MQTT's data transmission speed, given its widespread use in IoT applications. The study conducts extensive tests under varying conditions, analyzing MQTT's transmission latency and throughput. Historical data from previous studies shows that MQTT can achieve latencies as low as 10 ms in optimized environments, making it a preferred protocol for time-sensitive applications. Our results further validate MQTT’s efficiency, demonstrating consistent data delivery speeds with average latencies below 50 ms across different scenarios. These findings confirm MQTT’s suitability for real-time environmental monitoring and its potential for broader IoT applications that require fast and reliable data transfer