Ecological Nature in Rural Architecture in Xi'an

Exploring the ecological nature of rural architecture is significant for promoting sustainable development in rural areas. By studying the ecological nature of rural architecture, it can drive the development of rural buildings towards environmental protection, energy conservation, and resource recycling, reducing negative impacts on the environment and improving the quality of rural life. Taking Nandoujiao Village in Xi'an as an example, this article investigates the ecological nature of rural housing in Xi'an and its surrounding areas through field research, literature review, comparative analysis, case study, historical analysis and deduction. At the architectural design level, the buildings exhibit strong defensive and inward characteristics, with their layouts largely following the traditional style of rural housing in the Guanzhong region. Technologically, rammed earth walls are used, which have environmentally friendly, durable, and good thermal insulation properties, employing an ancient construction technique that involves compacting soil and stones. In terms of plant cultivation, a wide variety of plants are chosen for greening the residential courtyards, with the selection of plant species adapted to the local climate and a preference for fruit-bearing trees. The choice of plant species and planting methods also align with the residents' needs and habits, while also incorporating sun shading and courtyard ventilation in the summer, creating a comfortable green environment. In terms of water utilization, the buildings enhance drainage through roof water collection, eaves components for water diversion, and drainage channels. Water storage is increased through the use of water jars, water wells, and ecological flood pools, while water consumption is increased. Ecological water circulation is enhanced through permeable ground paving, moisture-proof ecological wall surfaces, and landscape flower ponds.