Exploring Gorham-Strout syndrome in a young adult: an illustrative case report and literature review

Gorham-Stout Syndrome (GSS) is an exceedingly rare condition characterized by bone loss and lymphatic vessel proliferation and presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We present the case of a 29-year-old female with GSS manifesting as persistent headache and swelling in the left parietal bone. Initial misdiagnosis underscores the diagnostic complexity of GSS. Radiological imaging revealed characteristic features aiding in diagnosis, which were confirmed by histopathological examination showing bone tissue alterations consistent with GSS. Surgical resection and cranioplasty were successful, although post-operative complications, including late subacute hematoma and neurological symptoms, required careful management. This case underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for diagnosing and managing GSS, emphasizing the importance of radiological and histopathological examinations, surgical intervention, and post- operative monitoring.