Supercapacitor-battery hybrid storage systems to grid-tied photovoltaic setups to improve energy management and system stability

The increasing integration of renewable energy sources, particularly photovoltaic (PV) systems, into the power grid has introduced challenges related to energy variability, grid stability, and energy management. Supercapacitor-battery hybrid storage systems (SBHSS) have emerged as an effective solution to address these issues by combining the high energy density of batteries with the high-power density and fast response of supercapacitors. This paper explores the potential of SBHSS in grid-tied PV setups to enhance energy management and system stability. Batteries provide long-term energy storage and support sustained power delivery, while supercapacitors handle rapid fluctuations and transient spikes, thereby reducing the strain on batteries and extending their lifespan. A hybrid energy management strategy is proposed, which integrates real-time monitoring, adaptive power control, and dynamic load balancing to optimize energy flow between the PV array, supercapacitor, and battery. The proposed system minimizes power losses, improves grid frequency and voltage regulation, and enhances the reliability of power delivery during sudden load changes or cloud cover events. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the SBHSS can effectively smooth PV power output, reduce battery cycling stress, and improve overall system efficiency. The hybrid system also ensures faster response to grid disturbances, thereby improving grid resilience and reducing reliance on conventional backup sources. The combination of supercapacitors and batteries enables a more balanced and stable power supply, ensuring that renewable energy sources are efficiently integrated into the grid. This research highlights the practical advantages of SBHSS in grid-tied PV applications and provides insights into system design, control strategies, and performance improvements, paving the way for more sustainable and resilient power systems.