Extracts of Telfeiria occidentalis as an Alternative Treatment for Trypanosoma brucei Infection in Mice

Purpose: Historically, plants have been used to cure parasite illnesses, such as infections caused by Trypanosoma brucei. Using in vivo techniques, this study evaluated the antitrypanosomal properties of methanolic extracts of Telfairia occidentalis (Family Cucurbitaceae). Method: Mice were infected with 0.1 ml of blood containing roughly 1 × 10³ trypanosomes for the in vivo study. Blood samples were drawn, smeared, stained with 10% Giemsa dye, and seen under a microscope over the course of seven days. Extracts were added, incubated for 10 to 15 minutes, and then observed at concentrations of 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 mg/ml. Before, during, and after a seven-day oral treatment, haematological parameters were tracked. With no discernible negative effects (P > 0.05). Results: The methanolic extract of Telfairia occidentalis (TOM) shows remarkable efficiency in maintaining and re-establishing normal physiological functioning in the infected mice. Fifteen bioactive components were found in the methanolic extract of Telfairia occidentalis leaves using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Among the other bioactive compounds discovered, oleic acid accounted for the largest percentage at 42.26 per cent, followed by propanoic acid (12.98 per cent) and docosanoic acid (1.18 per cent). Because of its efficacy and few side effects. Conclusion: The study emphasises Telfairia occidentalis methanolic extract as a possible treatment for trypanosomiasis. These results provide credence to its possible use in the treatment of this parasite illness. To guarantee safety and therapeutic success, it is crucial to optimise extraction techniques and dosages, as evidenced by the toxicity and reduced efficacy seen in the moderate dosage concentration.