Analysis of the dynamics of the ultrasound picture of the lungs of newborns during inhalation prophylaxis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia with the surfactant drug: Pilot prospective clinical study

Introduction. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease in children, which is a complication of premature birth, associated with adverse neurological outcomes, high incidence of respiratory morbidity and mortality. Currently, a new recommended method for the prevention of BPD has appeared using inhalation administration of the surfactant drug Tauractant. Aim. Аnalyze the dynamics of the scoring of the ultrasound picture of the lungs during the inhalation administration of Tauractant, prescribed for the prevention of BPD. Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the Sverdlovsk Region “Yekaterinburg Clinical Perinatal Center” in the period from 27.01.2024 to 27.01.2025. Included 14 children with a gestational age of < 30 weeks, who received respiratory therapy by the methods of nasal CPAP or mechanical ventilation by the 8–14th day of life. Results. During our study and analysis, we noted cases of decreasing the intensity of respiratory therapy, namely: one child was extubated and transferred to nasal CPAP; two children initially on CPAP were transferred to low-flow nasal cannulas (LFNC); one child initially on CPAP was transferred to free-flow O2. Comparative analysis of such parameters as the frequency of mechanical ventilation, PiP parameters, LFNC frequency, FiO2, as well as the score according to lung ultrasound before the 1st and after the 5th dose of Tauractant did not show statistically significant differences in the main study sample (p > 0,05). Conclusion. Inhalation use of Tauractant for the prevention of BPD in premature infants is a new and promising method that probably reduces the risk and severity of respiratory injury. However, at present there are limited data on the use of this technique and additional studies are required to determine its effectiveness and safety.