Spatial Assessment of Ecosystem Services in Zhoushan Archipelago Based on InVEST Model

Island ecosystems are vulnerable, as natural disasters and inappropriate anthropogenic activities can easily disrupt the ecological balance, posing significant challenges to the delivery of ecosystem services. In order to evaluate the ecosystem service functions of the Zhoushan Archipelago, based on the InVEST model, the four services of water conservation, carbon storage, habitat quality, and soil conservation in the Zhoushan Archipelago in 2017, 2020, and 2023 were estimated, and the spatial pattern of comprehensive ecosystem service function was determined by principal component analysis. The results showed the following: (1) the spatial distribution of water conservation, carbon storage, habitat quality, and soil conservation values in 2017, 2020, and 2023 show the same trend, with high values distributed in the central areas of Zhoushan Island, Changtu Island, Taotao Island, and Qushan Island, and low values distributed in the coastal areas of Zhoushan Island, Yangshan Island, and Yushan Island; (2) land use types have a significant effect on four services. Trees, built areas, rangeland, and cropland were the primary contributors to these four ecosystem services; (3) from 2017 to 2023, the highly important areas and extremely important areas showed a decreasing trend. In 2023, the highly important areas and extremely important areas accounted for 17.29% and 2.33% of the total area, which are important for maintaining the virtuous cycle of the ecosystem. This study provides a scientific basis for the sustainable development of the island.