Urban Resilience Framework for Evaluating Jeddah’s Capacity for Sustainability and Adaptation

Cities worldwide face crises like natural disasters, climate change, and infrastructure vulnerabilities, making urban resilience a critical priority. In Saudi Arabia, resilience strategies are being integrated into urban development, including Jeddah, which faces challenges such as flood risks and rapid urbanization. This study develops a framework to assess Jeddah’s resilience, aligning with global initiatives like the SDGs and Saudi Vision 2030. Benchmarking against cities like Barcelona, Tokyo, and Dubai highlights adaptable strategies for Jeddah. The findings offer insights to enhance urban resilience, support sustainable urbanization, and inform policies for Jeddah and other cities globally.