Black-winged kite algorithm-based energy efficient Clustering Protocol for Internet of Things

Wireless sensor Networks (WSNs) possesses the capability of sensing, processing, exploring, storing and sharing the information through the collection of geographically deployed Internet-connected sensors. But the devices of Internet of Things (IoT) results in the problem of energy conservation since they are limited in terms of computing and resources capability. Clustering of nodes is determined as a reliable method for the objective of addressing the problem of energy conservation such that network longevity is highly sustained with maximized energy stability. In this paper, Black-Winged Kite Algorithm-based energy efficient Clustering Protocol (BWKACP) is proposed for balancing the load among the network nodes and preventing end-end delay for the objective of stretching the network lifespan in IoT. This BWKACP included the factors of trust, overhead, energy, distance, delay and overhead into account during the selection of optimal CHs in the network. It focused on determining energy efficient CHs in the IoT for the purpose of extending the network lifetime by employing a energy hole prevention method and fault tolerance approach for attaining the process of network stabilization. It also used BWKA algorithm for exploring and exploiting the search space such that potential CHs are alone selected in the search space. The results of this BWKACP approach confirmed better data routing with optimized energy utilization and reduced delay during the process of data dissemination.