Improved Cluster-Based Data Aggregation in WSN for Efficient Data Transmission Using PEGASIS-TEEN Hybrid Algorithm

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are widely implemented in environmental monitoring, disaster management, and smart cities. Sensor nodes, however, have limited power resources and require energy-efficient data aggregation and transmission protocols. This project compares WSN protocols, namely LEACH, PEGASIS, HEED, and TEEN, to identify the best approach for extension of network lifetime and energy conservation. To address existing limitations, a new integrated protocol, PT-Hybrid, is proposed, combining PEGASIS's chain-based communication with TEEN's threshold-based reporting. It employs dynamic leader election, multi-hop transmission, and event-driven reporting to optimi7.e energy usage and data accuracy. The PT-Hybrid protocol and standalone protocols were implemented and tested in MATLAB using 100 sensor nodes for 100 rounds. As shown by the results, PT-Hybrid outperforms LEACH and HEED in terms of energy efficiency and closely approaches PEGASIS with balanced energy dispersal. The hybrid approach consequently achieves well-balanced extension of network lifetime and minimizes unnecessary transmissions, hence making it practical for real-world WSN applications.