The Activity of Students in Problem-Based Learning and Project-Based Learning Models to Improve Social Studies Learning Outcomes in Elementary Schools

This study aims to explore the application of project-based learning and problem-based learning models in improving the social studies learning outcomes in elementary schools, as well as to assess the impact of student activity levels on their learning outcomes. This research uses a quantitative approach with a 2x2 factorial experimental design, involving two experimental groups: students learning with the problem-based learning model and students learning with the problem-based learning model. The research sample consists of 32 fifth-grade students at SDN Karangpawitan II, Karawang District. Data were collected through essay-type learning outcome tests and questionnaires with a Likert scale to measure student activity levels. The results show that the application of the project-based learning model has a positive impact on the students' social studies learning outcomes, with an average score higher than that of the problem-based learning model. Additionally, the level of student activity also significantly influences the social studies learning outcomes, with more active students showing better results. Two-way ANOVA testing revealed significant effects of the learning model, student activity, and the interaction of both on the students' Social Studies learning outcomes. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the project-based learning model is effective in improving student activity and social studies learning outcomes and can be used as an alternative learning model that is more interactive and problem-based, relevant to students' everyday lives