Integrity Losses in Carbon Dioxide Injection Wells

Abstract The integrity of carbon dioxide injection wells can be significantly compromised by exposure of borehole cement to CO2, leading to an increased risk of leakage over time. This study aims to review the optimal cement formulation to minimize reactivity with CO2, both in the presence and absence of brine. We focused on API Class G types of cement, modeled wells undergoing CO2 injection for permanent subsurface storage, and examined the chemical interaction of CO2 with cement components. We looked at the reaction of CO2, particularly with the calcium hydroxide in the cement, and examined the degradation and the weakening caused by the formation of carbonic acid.