Optimizing Subsurface Hydrogen Storage for Renewable Energy Integration: A Comprehensive Optimization Study

Abstract This study aims to optimize subsurface hydrogen storage to facilitate renewable energy integration by addressing storage efficiency, safety, and long-term sustainability in various geological formations. A multi-disciplinary approach was used to model hydrogen injection and withdrawal in different geological reservoirs, including depleted gas fields and aquifers. Advanced simulation tools were applied to capture the thermodynamic, geochemical, and geomechanically behavior of hydrogen under varying pressure and temperature conditions. Sensitivity analyses on storage capacity, permeability, and hydrogen purity were conducted to identify optimal energy storage and retrieval conditions. The study also integrates renewable energy supply scenarios, assessing the storage system response to variable energy production and demand. The simulations revealed that depleted gas reservoirs offer superior storage efficiency with a potential recovery factor exceeding 85%, while aquifers showed higher variability in storage capacity due to geochemical interactions. Optimizing injection and withdrawal rates improved hydrogen retention by 15%, and controlling pressure fluctuations minimized the risk of hydrogen embrittlement and leakage. The study's results provide key insights into tailoring storage Strategies based on geological conditions and energy grid requirements. This research provides a novel framework for optimizing subsurface hydrogen storage, incorporating technical and renewable energy supply considerations to enhance storage efficiency and grid reliability.