Digital Comic Based on PMRI on the Perimeter and Area of Plane Figures for Fourth Grade Elementary School Students

Mathematics education often struggles to deliver abstract concepts, such as perimeter and area of plane figures, due to a lack of innovative instructional media. This study aims to: (1) design and develop instructional media in the form of digital comics based on the Indonesian Realistic Mathematics Education (PMRI) approach; (2) evaluate the media’s feasibility through expert validation; and (3) measure its effectiveness in improving students’ learning outcomes. This research employed the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) with fourth-grade elementary school students as subjects. Data were collected via interviews, expert validation questionnaires, and multiple-choice tests. Validation results indicated excellent quality, with average expert scores of 95.45% for material, 90% for design, and 93.75% for media. Effectiveness testing showed significant improvement in learning outcomes, with a post-test mean score of 79 compared to a pre-test mean score of 63. The t-test results (t-calculated=2.10> t-table=1.70) confirmed the media’s effectiveness. This study concludes that PMRI-based digital comics are valid, feasible, and effective in enhancing mathematical understanding. The findings imply that this media can be adapted to other subjects to foster more interactive, contextual, and engaging learning experiences in elementary education.