Study of the immunomodulatory activity of cryopreserved and lyophilised human cord blood leukoconcentrate in experimental model of atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by rashes, itching, and dryness of the skin. The drugs of choice for the treatment of AD are steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the disadvantage of which is the development of undesirable side effects. Based on this, the search for effective and at the same time safe methods of treating AD is an urgent task of medicine. Based on this, the use of cell and tissue therapy drugs is promising, which have proven themselves as correctors of the immune system, acting on various pathogenetic links of this type of disease. The aim of the study was didacated to evaluation of the immunomodulatory activity of lyophilized (lHCBL) and cryopreserved human cord blood leukoconcentrate (cHCBL) in a comparative aspect in the AD model. The experiments were conducted on 6-month-old Wistar Albino rats. When AD was induced, a focus of inflammation on the back of the rats (3–4 cm^2) was formed by daily rubbing of a 5% alcohol-acetone solution of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) for 21 days. The suspensions of lHCBL and cHCBL were administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 0.5 ml of 5 × 10^6 cells one day after the end of DNCB administration. On the 3rd and 7th day after treatment, certain subpopulations of lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+, CD4+CD25+), the level of circulating immune complexes, serum concentrations of immunoglobulin A and E, adhesive and phagocytic activity of peritoneal cavity cells were determined. For AD induced by DNCB, characteristic systemic changes in the immune status are expressed in changes in the indicators of cellular and humoral immunity. Thus, in rats with AD, changes in the cellular immunity in the spleen were detected: namely, a decrease in the number of total T-lymphocytes and their subpopulations (CD4+ and CD8+ cells). Against this background, changes in the humoral and monocyte-phagocytic immunity were noted. The work proved the immunocorrective activity of cHCBL and lHCBL in DNCB-induced AD. In addition, the features of the immunocorrective effect of each of the cord blood preparations, i.e. cHCBL and lHCBL, were noted. In an experimental model of atopic dermatitis, the therapeutic effect of lHCBL and cHCBL has been proven, namely the ability to correct the state of the impaired immune system of animals. At the same time, a higher immunomodulatory activity of lHCBL was noted compared to cHCBL, which opens up prospects for the use of lHCBL in clinical practice.