From chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to lung cancer: a Mendelian randomization study revealing mediation pathways through plasma metabolomics, proteomics, and immunophenotyping

Our genetic inquiry endorses a causal link from COPD to lung cancer, mediated through plasma-based immunological, metabolic, and proteomic mechanisms. These biomarkers afford groundbreaking insights into the etiology of lung cancer, facilitating its prophylaxis, diagnosis, and therapeutic interventions.