Use of tuberculosis preventive therapy among people living with HIV/AIDS in the state of Rio de Janeiro: sociodemographic profile and associated factors

This is a cross-sectional, quantitative and descriptive study that analyzed data from the Medicines Logistics Control System (Siclom) on the use of preventive tuberculosis treatment (PTT) among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in the state of Rio de Janeiro, between January 2018 and May 2024. The study included PLWHA using antiretroviral therapy (ART), with a CD4+ T lymphocyte count of less than 350 cells/mm³ and without active tuberculosis. A total of 7,636 individuals were identified, the majority of whom were male (64.3%) and had an average age of 45. The most frequent race/color was brown (35.5%), and cisgender men represented 32.2% of the sample. The majority lived in the capital (47.9%) and were followed up by Specialized HIV/AIDS Services (56.1%). Only 6.5% used TPT, with isoniazid (4.0%) and rifapentine with isoniazid (2.5%) being the only regimens adopted. Viral load not was recorded in the last year in 38.6% of cases and was above 1,000 copies/mL in 35.2%. With regard to schooling, 38.6% did not have this information recorded, and among those who did, 37.4% had between 4 and 7 years of schooling. Homeless people (0.8%) and people deprived of their liberty (1.7%) were infrequent. The use of TPT varied according to education level, race/color, sexual orientation, gender identity, situation of vulnerability and type of service. The findings indicate low TPT coverage among PLWHA and point to the need to improve its implementation.