Review of Advanced Coatings for Metallic Implants: A Study/Proposal on Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia and Silver-Doped Hydroxyapatite

Abstract The development of advanced materials for biomedical implants has made significant progress in the search for biomaterials with functional surfaces which enhance compatibility, prevent implant corrosion, and reduce the growth of microorganisms in the form of biofilms. This article reviews various materials used in implants, among which yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) stand out due to their unique properties which favor osseointegration. Additionally, strategies for doping with additional elements, notably the addition of silver for its antimicrobial properties, are highlighted. Different methods of coating implant surfaces with these materials are evaluated. Finally, it is concluded that multilayer coating systems [YSZ/HAp-Ag]n significantly improve corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and the ability to inhibit bacterial proliferation in implants. Implementing these implant coatings could increase their durability and effectiveness in biomedical applications, contributing to better integration into bone tissue and reducing postoperative infections.